Research highlights positive effects of Low Emission and Congestion Charging Zones on healthA new study by Imperial College London has found that the introduction of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) and Congestion Charging Zones (CCZs) in cities leads to notable health improvements, particularly by reducing air pollution and road traffic accidents. Evidence gathered from several cities across the UK, Europe, and Asia, including London, Tokyo, Milan, and Stockholm, shows the positive impact these measures have on public health.

The review, published in The Lancet Public Health, reveals that the implementation of LEZs, which limit traffic emissions, results in fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions. Meanwhile, CCZs, which charge fees to reduce congestion, have been associated with fewer road traffic injuries. These findings suggest that cities with such restrictions experience a measurable reduction in health risks linked to both poor air quality and traffic accidents.

Lead researcher Rosemary Chamberlain explained that health benefits can be seen soon after these measures are put in place, particularly in reducing heart-related diseases and injuries caused by vehicles. In some cases, LEZs have been shown to directly lower hospital admissions for cardiovascular conditions, while CCZs are linked to a reduction in road injuries.

However, the study also found an increase in injuries and fatalities among cyclists and motorcyclists in some areas, which the researchers attributed to a rise in the number of people opting for these transport modes as car numbers decreased.

Globally, road traffic is responsible for around 1.3 million deaths each year, making these measures vital for reducing mortality rates. As of 2022, Europe had 320 LEZs, with many more being implemented in the UK, including in Birmingham, Glasgow, and Oxford, where a zero-emission zone was introduced in 2023.

While these initiatives help address health issues related to pollution and contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions, concerns have been raised regarding the financial burden these zones might place on lower-income individuals. Nevertheless, researchers argue that those most affected by poor air quality tend to be the most disadvantaged groups, highlighting the importance of reducing pollution for the overall improvement of public health.

In conclusion, the study strongly supports the continued expansion of LEZs and CCZs as effective strategies for reducing air pollution, preventing injuries, and improving public health outcomes in urban areas. Continuous monitoring and evaluation will be essential to ensuring that these interventions remain effective and equitable.